{"id":2240,"date":"2024-11-10T12:28:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T09:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beratarikan.com.tr\/?p=2240"},"modified":"2024-11-10T12:28:03","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T09:28:03","slug":"sql-server-replikasyon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beratarikan.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/11\/10\/sql-server-replikasyon\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server Replikasyon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Replication Nedir ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sunucu-istemci mimarisinden bahsedebilece\u011fimiz yap\u0131larda, sunucu(lar) ve abone(ler) aras\u0131nda rutin ya da s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde veritaban\u0131 i\u00e7indeki nesneleri e\u015fitleme imkan\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir y\u00f6ntemdir.
Daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir dille; yay\u0131nc\u0131(Publisher) bir veritaban\u0131 se\u00e7ersiniz, yay\u0131nc\u0131 veritaban\u0131nda yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z objeleri(Article\u2019lar\u0131) belirlersiniz ki bu objeler tablolar,stored procedureler v.s. olabilir; daha sonra yay\u0131nc\u0131 veritaban\u0131ndaki bilgilerin ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve daha sonra olabilecek t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri almak \u00fczere, yay\u0131nc\u0131 veri taban\u0131na aboneler(subscribers) atars\u0131n\u0131z. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kaynak veri taban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcrekli yenilerek, ba\u015fka bilgisayarlarda da tutulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Replication Hangi Durumlarda Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rnek olarak Ma\u011fazalar Zinciri olan bir \u015firketi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve b\u00fct\u00fcn alt \u015fubelerinin Merkezdeki Master SQL DB den stok durumu, \u00fcr\u00fcn bilgileri \u2026. vs gibi bilgileri sorgulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6yle bir durumda onlarca yahut y\u00fczlerce \u015fubeden sizin merkezinizdeki SQL Server binlerce sorgu gelecek bu sorgular hem network\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc hemde SQL DB server\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda yoracak ve dar bo\u011faza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecektir.
Yahut master SQL DB inizin s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcncel kopyas\u0131n\u0131 alman\u0131z gerekiyor ise ve bunu otomatize ederek yapmak istiyorsan\u0131z SQL serverlar aras\u0131 Replication a ihtiya\u00e7 duyar\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Replikasyonun Katmanlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Replikasyonda \u00fc\u00e7 tane katman vard\u0131r ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yay\u0131nc\u0131(Puplisher), da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131(Distributor), abone(Subcriber). Hemen akl\u0131n\u0131za, \u201cBir replikasyon i\u00e7in en az \u00fc\u00e7 bilgisayara m\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 var?\u201d sorusu gelebilir. Bunun cevab\u0131 \u201chay\u0131r\u201d d\u0131r.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc replikasyonda, yay\u0131nc\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011finiz bilgisayar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 yapabiliyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131y\u0131 biraz grafiksel olarak aktarmak gerekirse a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015femada replication i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ideal bir topoloji \u00f6rne\u011fi vard\u0131r Burada az \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fimiz Publisher(Yay\u0131nc\u0131) makine Bilgileri Distributor(Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131) ya g\u00f6nderiyor Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 makine ise subscriber(Abone)lara da\u011f\u0131tma i\u015fini yap\u0131yor ayn\u0131 senaryo \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedir. B\u00f6ylelikle alt lokasyonlarda da sql DB e veri giri yap\u0131l\u0131yor ise bu veriler Publisher a kadar ula\u015fabiliyor.
<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Replikasyon i\u00e7erisindeki bilinmesi gereken terimler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publisher (Yay\u0131nc\u0131): <\/strong>\u00dcye veritabanlar\u0131na veri g\u00f6nderen merkezi sunucu ya da veritaban\u0131. Replikasyondaki kaynak verinin bulundu\u011fu yerdir.
Subscriber (Abone):<\/strong> Merkezi veritaban\u0131ndan verileri alan sunucu ya da veritaban\u0131. Abonele varsay\u0131lan olarak merkezi veritaban\u0131n\u0131n salt-okunur (read-only) kopyas\u0131na sahiptir ancak farkl\u0131 bir konfig\u00fcrasyonla abonelerde de de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe izin verilebilir veya yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler merkezi veritaban\u0131na yans\u0131t\u0131labilir.
Distributor (Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131):<\/strong> Yay\u0131nc\u0131 ile abone aras\u0131ndaki veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten sunucu. Bu ama\u00e7la < \u0131>distribution isimli veritaban\u0131na sahiptir. Bu veritaban\u0131nda veri ve \u015fema baz\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikler tutulur. Bir veritaban\u0131 sunucusu ayn\u0131 anda hem publisher hem de distributor rol\u00fcnde olabilir.
Article (Makale):<\/strong> Yay\u0131nc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan i\u00e7erik. VTYS\u2019de \u00fcye sunuculara g\u00f6nderilecek veritaban\u0131 nesneleridir (table, view, stored procedure). Makale koleksiyonu publication (yay\u0131n)olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.
Push ve Pull Subscription (Abonelik g\u00f6nderme ve \u00e7ekme):<\/strong> Push subscription\u2019da distributor verileri subscriber veritaban\u0131na kopyalar. Bu y\u00f6ntemde i\u015fin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc distributor \u00e7eker. Pull subscription\u2019da ise subscriber kendisi distributor\u2019dan verileri \u00e7eker yani i\u015fin y\u00fck\u00fc abonelere<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Replikasyon T\u00fcrleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Snapshot Replication<\/strong>:
Static replication olarak ta bilinen Snapshot Replication en basit replikasyon t\u00fcr\u00fc olup her defas\u0131nda kaynak veritan\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm verileri ba\u011fl\u0131 abonelere toplu olarak y\u00fckler. Snapshot replication\u2019da daha \u00f6nce abonelere hangi verilerin g\u00f6nderildi\u011fine bak\u0131lmaz. Bu i\u015flemi full backup\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa restore edilmesi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Merkezi veritaban\u0131ndan her defas\u0131nda t\u00fcm data article\u2019leri \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 ve abonelere ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 hem zaman hem de kaynaklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan maliyetli olabilmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden bu modeli az transaction i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 VTYS\u2019lerde veya \u00fcyelerin sil ba\u015ftan yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken durumlarda kurmak daha elveri\u015fli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transactional Replication<\/strong>
Dynamic replication olarak ta bilinen bu y\u00f6ntem Snapshot Replication\u2019tan farkl\u0131 olarak incremental modele sahiptir yani sadece son yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f replikasyon i\u015fleminden bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00fcye veritabanlar\u0131na ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bunu da merkezi veritaban\u0131ndaki log dosyas\u0131n\u0131 dinleyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. De\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00fcyelere ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 g\u00f6nderilebildi\u011fi gibi belli peryotlarda da g\u00f6nderilebilir. Bu y\u00f6ntem \u00e7ok yo\u011fun transaction i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlerde tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peer-to Peer Replication<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

SQL Server 2008 ile hayat\u0131m\u0131za girin bu replikasyon t\u00fcr\u00fc asl\u0131nda eri\u015filebilirlik konusundan \u00e7ok alternatif bir replikasyon y\u00f6ntemi olarak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da u\u00e7 uca replikasyonun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli fayda t\u00fcm transaction\u2019lar\u0131n bir u\u00e7tan bir uca t\u00fcm server\u2019larda uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Network trafi\u011fini kontrol ederek load balancing (y\u00fck dengeleme) yapabilen bu y\u00f6ntemin y\u00fcksek performans ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekleme (scalability) sa\u011flayabilmesi yan\u0131nda bu yap\u0131da kontrol edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli konu \u00f6zellikle identity \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan alanlarda tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131 ve transaction\u2019lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015flerli\u011finin devam\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli kontroller yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merge Replication<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Transactional Replication gibi incremental \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip olan bu y\u00f6ntem \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir replikasyon sunar yani hem publisher taraf\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi subscriber\u2019a yans\u0131t\u0131r hem de subscriber taraf\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi publisher\u2019a yans\u0131t\u0131r. En karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131ya sahip olan bu y\u00f6ntemde veri \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00f6ntem genellikle birden fazla \u00fcyenin bulundu\u011fu topolojilerde bir \u00fcyenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hem merkeze hem de di\u011fer \u00fcyelere yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda veya kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n online\/offline \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fi projelerde (ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z ve mobil uygulamalar) tercih edilir. Merge Replication\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak bir veri \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de\u011fil sadece son de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa g\u00f6nderir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir kay\u0131t \u00fczerinde 5 kere d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa Transactional Replication\u2019da bu 5 g\u00fcnceleme de kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r fakat Merge Replication\u2019da sadece son g\u00fcncelleme g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Replikasyon Agent\u2019leri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Replikasyon modelinde s\u00fcre\u00e7 Sql Server Agent servisi ve bunun alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z agentler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir. SQL Agent C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\90\\COM alt\u0131nda bulunan bu agentleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Bu agentler \u015funlard\u0131r;
Snapshot Agent (Snapshot.exe)<\/strong>: Yedek veritaban\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla kaynak veritaban\u0131ndaki nesnelerin \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 ve veri dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131p snapshot klas\u00f6r\u00fcne ekler. T\u00fcm replikasyon y\u00f6ntemlerinde etkili olup distributor taraf\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
Distribution Agent (distrib.exe)<\/strong>: Snapshot klas\u00f6r\u00fcne eri\u015fip \u015fema ve verileri \u00fcyelere kopyalarak onlar\u0131 ilklendirir ve distribution veritaban\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri abonelere aktar\u0131r. Aktar\u0131m i\u015flemi pull (\u00e7ekme) y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131yorsa bu agent, distributor \u00fczerinde, push (g\u00f6nderme) y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131yorsa distributor \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Snapshot ve transactional replication\u2019da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
Log Reader Agent (Logread.exe)<\/strong>: Sadece Transactional replication\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p publisher veritaban\u0131na ait transactional loglar\u0131 okuyup da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131ya (distribution database) aktar\u0131r. Bu agent, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
Queue Reader Agent (qrdrsvc.exe)<\/strong>: Aboneler taraf\u0131nda Microsoft Message Queue\u2019da (MMQ) veya SQL Server\u2019in kendisine ait kuyrukta bekleyen de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yay\u0131nc\u0131ya aktarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu agent Transactional replication\u2019da se\u00e7meli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu agent\u2019in devreye girmesi i\u00e7in \u201cQueued Updating\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011finin aktifle\u015ftirilmesi gerekir.
Merge Agent (replmerg.exe)<\/strong>: Snapshot ve transactional replication y\u00f6ntemlerinde abone veritaban\u0131n\u0131n ilklendirilmesi, distribution veritaban\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin abone veritaban\u0131na yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 Distribution Agent taraf\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Distribution Agent, Merge Replication y\u00f6nteminde devreye girmez. Distribution Agent\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu i\u015fi Merge Replication\u2019da Merge Agent \u00fcstlenir. Yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve ona ait aboneler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131n senkronizasyonu sa\u011flayan bu agent, Pull (\u00e7ekme) y\u00f6nteminde, subscriber \u00fczerinde, push (g\u00f6nderme) y\u00f6nteminde publisher \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
Bu agent\u2019lerin hangi replikasyon y\u00f6nteminde devreye girdikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\"re02\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distribution Database<\/strong>
Distribution veritaban\u0131 yay\u0131nc\u0131 ile ona ba\u011f\u0131l\u0131 aboneleri veri ve \u015fema d\u00fczeyinde senkronize etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la abonelere yans\u0131t\u0131lmay\u0131 bekleyen transactionlar\u0131 saklar. Transactionlar aboneler taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde al\u0131n\u0131p restore edilinceye kadar distribution veritaban\u0131nda sakl\u0131 tutulur. Distribution veritaban\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli sistem tablolar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r;
MSmerge_history<\/strong>: Abonelerin \u00f6nceki g\u00fcncellemeleri hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiyi i\u00e7erir.
MSmerge_agents <\/strong>: Merge agent\u2019leri hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri i\u00e7erir.
MSdistribution_agents<\/strong>: Distribution agent\u2019leri hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7erir.
MSdistribution_history <\/strong>: Distribution agent\u2019lerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki i\u015flemlerini i\u00e7erir.
MSlogreader_agents <\/strong>: Yerel da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131daki log reader agent\u2019ler hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7erir.
MSlogreader_history <\/strong>: Log reader agent\u2019lerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki i\u015flemlerini i\u00e7erir.
MSrepl_commands<\/strong>: Replike edilmi\u015f komutlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.
MSrepl_errors<\/strong>: Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f replikasyon i\u015flemlerini i\u00e7erir.
MSrepl_transactions<\/strong>: Replike edilmi\u015f her transaction i\u00e7in tek sat\u0131r i\u00e7erir.
MSrepl_version <\/strong>: Tek bir sat\u0131ra sahip olup mevcut replikasyonun s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir.
Makalenin buraya kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131nda SQL serverda Replikasyona dair Terminoloji yi anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m bu kadar \u00f6n bilgiden sonra art\u0131k SQL Replikasyon i\u015flemine ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Replication Nedir ? Sunucu-istemci mimarisinden bahsedebilece\u011fimiz yap\u0131larda, sunucu(lar) ve abone(ler) aras\u0131nda rutin ya da s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde veritaban\u0131 i\u00e7indeki nesneleri e\u015fitleme imkan\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir y\u00f6ntemdir.Daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir dille; yay\u0131nc\u0131(Publisher) bir veritaban\u0131 se\u00e7ersiniz, yay\u0131nc\u0131 veritaban\u0131nda yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z objeleri(Article\u2019lar\u0131) belirlersiniz ki bu objeler tablolar,stored procedureler v.s. olabilir; daha sonra yay\u0131nc\u0131 veritaban\u0131ndaki bilgilerin ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve daha sonra olabilecek t\u00fcm <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sql-server"],"yoast_head":"\nSQL Server Replikasyon - Berat ARIKAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beratarikan.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/11\/10\/sql-server-replikasyon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SQL Server Replikasyon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Replication Nedir ? 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